Skip to main content

FACILITIES LAYOUT DESIGN AND FACILITIES LOCATION


FACILITIES LAYOUT DESIGN AND FACILITIES LOCATION

FACILITIES LAYOUT DESIGN REFERS TO THE ARRANGEMENT OF ALL EQUIPMENT, MACHINERY, AND FURNISHINGS WITHIN A BUILDING ENVELOPE AFTER CONSIDERING THE VARIOUS OBJECTIVES OF THE FACILITY. THE LAYOUT CONSISTS OF PRODUCTION AREAS, SUPPORT AREAS, AND THE PERSONNEL AREAS IN THE BUILDING (TOMPKINS, J. A., ET AL., FACILITY PLANNING, SECOND EDITION, JOHN WILEY & SONS, NY, 1996).

NEED OF FACILITIES LAYOUT DESIGN
THE NEED FOR FACILITIES LAYOUT DESIGN ARISES BOTH IN THE PROCESS OF DESIGNING A NEW LAYOUT AND IN REDESIGNING AN EXISTING LAYOUT. THE NEED IN THE FORMER CASE IS OBVIOUS BUT IN THE LATTER CASE IT IS BECAUSE OF MANY DEVELOPMENTS AS WELL AS MANY PROBLEMS WITH IN THE FACILITY SUCH AS CHANGE IN THE PRODUCT DESIGN, OBSOLESCENCE OF EXISTING FACILITIES, CHANGE IN DEMAND, FREQUENT ACCIDENTS, MORE SCRAP AND REWORK, MARKET SHIFT, INTRODUCTION OF A NEW PRODUCT ETC. 

OBJECTIVES OF FACILITIES LAYOUT DESIGN
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES OF A TYPICAL FACILITY LAYOUT INCLUDE:

(1) OVERALL INTEGRATION AND EFFECTIVE USE OF MAN, MACHINE, MATERIAL, AND SUPPORTING SERVICES,
(2) MINIMIZATION OF MATERIAL HANDLING COST BY SUITABLY PLACING THE FACILITIES IN THE BEST POSSIBLE WAY,
(3) BETTER SUPERVISION AND CONTROL,
(4) EMPLOYEE'S CONVENIENCE, SAFETY, IMPROVED MORALE AND BETTER WORKING ENVIRONMENT,
(5) HIGHER FLEXIBILITY AND ADAPTABILITY TO CHANGING CONDITIONS AND
(6) WASTE MINIMIZATION AND HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY.

TYPES OF LAYOUT
THE BASIC TYPES OF LAYOUTS ARE:
  • PRODUCT LAYOUT
  • PROCESS LAYOUT
  • FIXED POSITION LAYOUT
  • CELLULAR LAYOUT

PRODUCT LAYOUT
THIS TYPE OF LAYOUT IS GENERALLY USED IN SYSTEMS WHERE A PRODUCT HAS TO BE MANUFACTURED OR ASSEMBLED IN LARGE QUANTITIES. IN PRODUCT LAYOUT THE MACHINERY AND AUXILIARY SERVICES ARE LOCATED ACCORDING TO THE PROCESSING SEQUENCE OF THE PRODUCT WITHOUT ANY BUFFER STORAGE WITHIN THE LINE ITSELF. 

PROCESS LAYOUT
IN A PROCESS LAYOUT, (ALSO REFERRED TO AS A JOB SHOP LAYOUT) SIMILAR MACHINES AND SERVICES ARE LOCATED TOGETHER. THEREFORE, IN A PROCESS TYPE OF LAYOUT ALL DRILLS ARE LOCATED IN ONE AREA OF THE LAYOUT AND ALL MILLING MACHINES ARE LOCATED IN ANOTHER AREA. A MANUFACTURING EXAMPLE OF A PROCESS LAYOUT IS A MACHINE SHOP. PROCESS LAYOUTS ARE ALSO QUITE COMMON IN NON-MANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENTS. EXAMPLES INCLUDE HOSPITALS, COLLEGES, BANKS, AUTO REPAIR SHOPS, AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES (MUTHER, R, SYSTEMATIC LAYOUT PLANNING, SECOND EDITION, CBI PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. BOSTON, 1973). 

FIXED LOCATION LAYOUT
IN THIS TYPE OF LAYOUT, THE PRODUCT IS KEPT AT A FIXED POSITION AND ALL OTHER MATERIAL; COMPONENTS, TOOLS, MACHINES, WORKERS, ETC. ARE BROUGHT AND ARRANGED AROUND IT. THEN ASSEMBLY OR FABRICATION IS CARRIED OUT. THE LAYOUT OF THE FIXED MATERIAL LOCATION DEPARTMENT INVOLVES THE SEQUENCING AND PLACEMENT OF WORKSTATIONS AROUND THE MATERIAL OR PRODUCT. IT IS USED IN AIRCRAFT ASSEMBLY, SHIPBUILDING, AND MOST CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS. A PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION OF A FIXED LOCATION TYPE OF LAYOUT IS GIVEN IN FIGURE 3. THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES ARE DETAILED IN TABLE 3.


REFERENCES: - www.nptel.iitm.ac.in/


Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

DOM MANUAL / B-TECH / MECHANICAL / KUK - TO FIND THE SPEED AND TORQUE OF DIFFERENT GEARS IN AN EPICYCLIC GEAR TRAIN.

OBJECTIVE: TO FIND THE SPEED AND TORQUE OF DIFFERENT GEARS IN AN EPICYCLIC GEAR TRAIN. SPECIFICATIONS : 1.       GEAR TRAIN : SUN GEAR : 14 TEETH 2.       PLANT GEAR: 21 TEETH (2 NOS.) 3.       INTERNAL GEAR WITH : 56 TEETH TORQUE MEASUREMENT ·          INPUT TORQUE – MOTOR CURRENT CALIBRATED FOR MOTOR TORQUE. ·          PLANT CARRIER - PULLEY OF 50 MM DIA AND SPRING BALANCE. ·          INTERNAL GEAR - PULLEY, 120 MM DIA AND SPRING BALANCES. Ø   BOTH PULLEYS ARE PROVIDED WITH ROPE OF 12 Ø   MM DIA Ø   DRIVE MOTOR - 1HP DC MOTOR RPM MOTOR OPERATING ON 220 VOLTS Ø   50 HZ SUPLLY, DRIVING THE SUN GEAR. CURRENT(AMPS) TORQUE 1.00 0.5 1.20 1.5 1.40 2.5 ...
359 comments
Read more

MANUFACTURING PROCESS - DRAFT OR TAPER ALLOWANCE

DRAFT OR TAPER ALLOWANCE BY DRAFT IS MEANT THE TAPER PROVIDED BY THE PATTERN MAKER ON ALL VERTICAL SURFACES OF THE PATTERN SO THAT IT CAN BE REMOVED FROM THE SAND WITHOUT TEARING AWAY THE SIDES OF THE SAND MOLD AND WITHOUT EXCESSIVE RAPPING BY THE MOLDER. FIGURE  SHOWS A PATTERN HAVING NO DRAFT ALLOWANCE BEING REMOVED FROM THE PATTERN. IN THIS CASE, TILL THE PATTERN IS COMPLETELY LIFTED OUT, ITS SIDES WILL REMAIN IN CONTACT WITH THE WALLS OF THE MOLD, THUS TENDING TO BREAK IT.  FIGURE  IS AN ILLUSTRATION OF A PATTERN HAVING PROPER DRAFT ALLOWANCE. HERE, THE MOMENT THE PATTERN LIFTING COMMENCES, ALL OF ITS SURFACES ARE WELL AWAY FROM THE SAND SURFACE. THUS THE PATTERN CAN BE REMOVED WITHOUT DAMAGING THE MOLD CAVITY.  PATTERN HAVING DRAFT ON VERTICAL EDGES DRAFT ALLOWANCE VARIES WITH THE COMPLEXITY OF THE SAND JOB. BUT IN GENERAL INNER DETAILS OF THE PATTERN REQUIRE HIGHER DRAFT THAN OUTER SURFACES. THE AMOUNT OF DRAFT DEPENDS UPON THE LENGTH OF THE...
2 comments
Read more

ELECTROCHEMICAL MACHINING (ECM)

ELECTROCHEMICAL MACHINING (ECM) INTRODUCTION:- Electro chemical machining (ECM) is a method of removing metal by an electrochemical process. It is normally used for mass production and is used for working extremely hard materials or materials that are difficult to machine using conventional methods. Its use is limited to electrically conductive materials; however, this includes all metals. ECM can cut small or odd-shaped angles, intricate contours or cavities in extremely hard steel and exotic metals such as titanium, carbide etc. ECM is often characterized as "reverse electroplating," and is similar in concept to electrical discharge machining in that a high current is passed between an electrode and the part, through an electrolyte material removal process having a negatively charged electrode (cathode), a conductive fluid (electrolyte), and a conductive work piece (anode); however, in ECM there is no tool wear. The ECM cutting tool is guided along the desired ...
53 comments
Read more