CRITICAL EXAMINATION
CRITICAL EXAMINATION:
CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF
THE INFORMATION RECORDED ABOUT THE PROCESS IN CHARTS / DIAGRAMS IS THE MOST
IMPORTANT PHASE OF THE METHOD STUDY. IN THIS, EACH ELEMENT OF THE WORK, AS
PRESENTLY BEING DONE AND RECORDED ON THE CHART IS SUBJECTED TO A SYSTEMATIC AND
PROGRESSIVE SERIES OF QUESTIONS WITH THE PURPOSE OF DETERMINING TRUE REASONS
FOR WHICH IT IS DONE. BASED ON THE REASONS, IMPROVEMENTS ARE FOUND AND ADOPTED
INTO A NEW METHOD, CALLED BETTER METHOD. THIS EXAMINATION, THUS REQUIRES
EXHAUSTIVE COLLABORATION WITH EVERYONE WHO’S CONTRIBUTION CAN PROVE USEFUL, AND
ALSO FULL USE OF ALL AVAILABLE SOURCES OF TECHNICAL INFORMATION. THE USE OF
QUESTIONING TECHNIQUE REDUCES THE POSSIBILITY OF MISSING ANY INFORMATION WHICH
MAY BE USEFUL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BETTER METHOD.
A POPULAR PROCEDURE OF
CARRYING OUT CRITICAL EXAMINATION USES TWO SETS OF QUESTIONS: PRIMARY QUESTIONS
(ANSWERS TO THESE SHOW UP THE NECESSITY OF CARRYING OUT THE ACTIVITY), AND
SECONDARY QUESTIONS (ANSWERS TO THESE ALLOW CONSIDERATIONS TO ALTERNATIVE
METHODS OF DOING THE ACTIVITY). SELECTION OF THE BEST WAY OF DOING EACH
ACTIVITY IS LATER DETERMINED TO DEVELOP NEW METHOD WHICH IS INTRODUCED AS A
STANDARD PRACTICE.
A GENERAL-PURPOSE SET OF
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY QUESTIONS IS GIVEN BELOW:
PRIMARY QUESTIONS:
PURPOSE - THE NEED OF CARRYING OUT THE ACTIVITY IS CHALLENGED BY THE
QUESTIONS-WHAT IS ACHIEVED? IS IT NECESSARY? WHY? THE ANSWERS TO THESE
QUESTIONS DETERMINE WHETHER THE PARTICULAR ACTIVITY WILL BE INCLUDED IN THE
PROPOSALS OF NEW METHOD FOR THE PROCESS.
MEANS - THE MEANS OF CARRYING OUT THE ACTIVITY ARE CHALLENGED BY THE
QUESTIONS- 'HOW IS IT DONE?' AND 'WHY THAT WAY'?
PLACE - THE LOCATION OF CARRYING OUT THE ACTIVITY IS CHALLENGED BY
THE QUESTIONS- 'WHERE IS IT DONE'? AND 'WHY THERE'?
SEQUENCE - THE TIME OF CARRYING OUT THE ACTIVITY IS CHALLENGED BY THE
QUESTIONS- 'WHEN IS IT DONE'? AND 'WHY THEN'?
PERSON - THE LEVEL OF SKILL AND EXPERIENCE OF THE PERSON PERFORMING
THE ACTIVITY IS CHALLENGED BY THE QUESTIONS- 'WHO DOES IT'? AND 'WHY THAT
PERSON'?
THE MAIN OBJECT OF THE
PRIMARY QUESTIONS IS TO MAKE SURE THAT THE REASONS FOR EVERY ASPECT OF THE
PRESENTLY USED METHOD ARE CLEARLY UNDERSTOOD. THE ANSWERS TO THESE QUESTIONS
SHOULD CLEARLY BRING OUT ANY PART OF THE WORK WHICH IS UNNECESSARY OR INEFFICIENT
IN RESPECT OF MEANS, SEQUENCE, AND PERSON OR PLACE.
SECONDARY QUESTIONS:
THE AIM OF SECONDARY
QUESTIONS IS TO ARRIVE AT SUITABLE ALTERNATIVES TO THE PRESENTLY USED METHOD:
PURPOSE - IF THE ANSWER TO THE PRIMARY QUESTION 'IS THE ACTIVITY
NECESSARY"? IS CONVINCINGLY 'YES', ALTERNATIVES TO ACHIEVE THE OBJECT OF
CARRYING NUT THE ACTIVITY ARE CONSIDERED BY THE QUESTION— 'WHAT ELSE COULD BE
DONE'?
MEANS - ALL THE ALTERNATIVE MEANS TO ACHIEVE THE OBJECT ARE
CONSIDERED BY THE QUESTION— 'HOW ELSE COULD IT BE DONE'?
PLACE - OTHER PLACES FOR CARRY ING OUT THE ACTIVITY ARE CONSIDERED
BY THE QUESTION— 'WHERE ELSE COULD IT BE DONE'?
SEQUENCE - THE SECONDARY QUESTION ASKED UNDER THIS HEADING IS—
'WHEN ELSE COULD IT BE CLONE'?
PERSON - THE POSSIBILITIES FOR CARRYING OUT THE ACTIVITY BY
OTHER PERSONS ARE CONSIDERED BY ASKING THE QUESTION- 'WHO ELSE SHOULD DO IT’?
THIS PHASE INVOLVES THE
SEARCH OF ALTERNATIVE POSSIBILITIES WITHIN THE IMPOSED RESTRICTIONS OF COST,
VOLUME OF PRODUCTION, AND THE LIKE. FOR THIS THE METHOD STUDY MAN USES HIS OWN
PAST EXPERIENCE WITH SAME OR SIMILAR PROBLEMS OR REFERS TO TEXT BOOKS,
HANDBOOKS, ETC.
THE ANSWERS TO THE
FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ARE THEN SOUGHT THROUGH EVALUATION OF THE ALTERNATIVES.
'WHAT SHOULD BE DONE'?
'HOW SHOULD IT BE DONE'?
'WHERE SHOULD IT BE DONE'?
'WHEN SHOULD IT BE DONE'? AND
'WHO SHOULD DO IT'?
THESE ANSWERS FORM THE
BASIS OF THE PROPOSALS FOR THE IMPROVED METHOD. THE EVALUATION PHASE REQUIRES
THE WORK STUDY MAN TO CONSIDER ALL THE POSSIBILITIES WITH RESPECT TO THE FOUR
FACTORS—ECONOMIC, SAFETY, WORK QUALITY AND HUMAN FACTORS—THE ECONOMIC FACTOR BEING
THE MOST IMPORTANT IN MOST SITUATIONS.
ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
TO ANY ALTERNATIVE REFER TO DETERMINATION OF 'HOW MUCH WILL IT COST'? AND 'HOW
MUCH WILL IT SAVE'? THE PURPOSE OF EVALUATING SAFETY FACTOR IS TO ENSURE THAT
THE ALTERNATIVE SELECTED SHALL NOT MAKE THE WORK LESS SAFE. THE EVALUATION OF
QUALITY FACTOR SHALL DETERMINE WHETHER THE ALTERNATIVE SELECTED SHALL MAKE FOR
BETTER PRODUCT QUALITY OR QUALITY CONTROL.
AND LASTLY HUMAN FACTORS
CONSIDERATIONS SHALL ENSURE THAT THE NEW METHOD WILL BE INTERESTING, EASY TO
LEARN, SAFE, LESS MONOTONOUS AND LESS FATIGUING TO THE OPERATOR.
WITH THE PRESENT METHOD
OR PROCEDURE FOR THE JOB IN MIND, THE APPLICATION OF ‘CRITICAL ANALYSIS'
HIGHLIGHTS THE ESSENTIAL PART OF THE JOB, FOR WHICH ALTERNATIVE WAYS FOR ITS
CARRYING OUT ARE DEVELOPED .
WHEN DEVELOPING
ALTERNATIVE WAYS FOR DOING A TASK THE FOLLOWING MAY BE CONSIDERED.
- WHERE AND HOW TO USE ‘MAN' IN THE PROCESS?
- WHAT BETTER WORK PROCEDURE BE ADOPTED?
- WHAT BETTER EQUIPMENT BE USED?
- WHAT BETTER LAYOUT OF WORK STATION, SHOP OR FACTORY BE
USED?
IN DECIDING WHETHER A
PARTICULAR ELEMENT OF WORK (OPERATION, INSPECTION, OR TRANSPORTATION) BE
CARRIED OUT MANUALLY OR WITH THE HELP OF A DEVICE, METHOD STUDY ENGINEER MUST
BE WELL AWARE OF THINGS WHICH MAN CANNOT DO OR DOES IN INFERIOR FASHION THAN
MACHINE. EXAMPLES OF SUCH THINGS ARE:
- EXERT LARGE AMOUNT OF FORCE, AS NEEDED IN METAL
CUTTING.
- EXERT FORCE PRECISELY OR SMOOTHLY AT A FIXED RATE AS
NEEDED IN METAL FORMING.
- DO HIGH SPEED COMPUTATIONS OF COMPLEX NATURE.
- PERFORM REPETITIVE TASKS WITHOUT SUFFERING FROM SIDE
EFFECTS LIKE BOREDOM, FATIGUE, ETC.
- MOVE AT HIGH SPEEDS FOR HOURS TOGETHER.
- CARRY OUT SEVERAL TASKS SIMULTANEOUSLY.
- RESPOND FAST TO FREQUENTLY CHANGING CONTROL SIGNALS.
- PERFORM SATISFACTORILY IN AN ENVIRONMENT WHERE
CONDITIONS RELATING TO COLD, HEAT, NOISE, DAMPNESS, ETC. ARE EXTREME.
IN CONTRAST, MACHINES
PROVE INFERIOR GENERALLY WHEN FOR CARRYING OUT A TASK IT IS NECESSARY TO
THINK CREATIVELY OR
INDUCTIVELY
- LEARN
- GENERALIZE
- COPE WILL UNEXPECTED EVENTS.
IN MOST CASES, THE
RELATIVE ROLES OF MAN AND MACHINE VARY FROM ONE EXTREME END IN WHICH ENTIRE
PROCESS IS MANUAL TO THE OTHER EXTREME IN WHICH THE PROCESS IS COMPLETELY
MECHANIZED WITH THE PRESENCE OF MAN ONLY FOR MONITORING, TROUBLE SHOOTING,
MAINTENANCE, AND THE LIKE.
MAN IS READILY AVAILABLE
AND EXTREMELY FLEXIBLE TOOL, WHO HAS THE CAPABILITY OF DOING A LARGE NUMBER AND
TYPE OF TASKS WITH LEARNING AND PRACTICE THAT IS GENERALLY LESS EXPENSIVE THAN
THE COST OF CREATING DEVICES FOR THE SAME PURPOSE. MAN IS THEREFORE CONSIDERED
A STRONG COMPETITOR FOR LOW, MEDIUM AND EVEN SOME HIGH VOLUME PRODUCTION
TASKS.
WHEN AN ACTIVITY IS
DECIDED TO BE CARRIED OUT MANUALLY, THE BEST WORK PROCEDURE IS DETERMINED BY
CONSIDERING THE PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY.
EQUIPPED WILL THE
VARIOUS ALTERNATIVE WAYS OF CARRYING OUT ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF TASK, METHOD
STUDY ENGINEER HAS NOW TO CHOOSE THE BEST ALTERNATIVE METHOD? HE DECIDES UPON
THE CRITERIA, WHICH MAY BE ADDITIONAL FIXED COSTS INVOLVED, RUNNING COST,
PRODUCTION RATE, OPERATOR'S FATIGUE, OPERATOR LEARNING TIME, AND THE LIKE. THE
WEIGHT TO EACH CRITERION IS FIXED AND PERFORMANCE IS PREDICTED OF EACH
ALTERNATIVE WITH RESPECT TO EACH CRITERIA. THE ONE WHICH GETS THE MAXIMUM
POINTS IS SELECTED FOR ADOPTION AS A STANDARD METHOD.
DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS
OF THIS METHOD ARE PREPARED WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE, WORKPLACE LAYOUT
AND MATERIAL/EQUIPMENT TO BE USED. THIS IS IMPORTANT FOR
- COMMUNICATION OF THE PROPOSED WORK METHOD TO THOSE
RESPONSIBLE FOR ITS APPROVAL
- COMMUNICATION OF THE PROPOSED METHOD TO THOSE CONCERNED
WITH ITS INSTALLATION, FOR EXAMPLE INSTRUCTORS AND SUPERVISORS WHO ARE
ACTUALLY RESPONSIBLE FOR INSTRUCTIONS TO OPERATORS AND SETTING UP THE
MACHINERY AND WORK PLACE LAYOUTS.
- OFFICIAL RECORD OF THE WORK METHOD.
INSTALLATION OF IMPROVED
METHOD:
WHEN THE PROPOSALS OF
THE IMPROVED METHOD FOR A JOB ARE APPROVED BY THE MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPANY,
THE NEXT STEP IS TO PUT THIS METHOD INTO PRACTICE. INSTALLATION OF METHOD
REQUIRES NECESSARY PRIOR PREPARATION FOR WHICH THE ACTIVE SUPPORT OF EVERYONE
CONCERNED IS VERY IMPORTANT.
THE ACTIVITIES OF THE
INSTALLATION PHASE INCLUDE:
GAINING ACCEPTANCE OF
THE CHANGE BY THE WORKERS INVOLVED AND THEIR REPRESENTATIVES. THE METHOD CHANGE
MAY AFFECT THE ROUTINE AND PAPER WORK OF WAGES, COSTS, PLANNING, AND EVEN
PURCHASE DEPARTMENT. IT MAY REQUIRE DISPLACEMENT OF STAFF FROM ONE SECTION TO
ANOTHER OF THE ORGANISATION. ADJUSTMENTS OF THIS TYPE NEED TO BE CARRIED OUT
VERY CAREFULLY SO THAT THE LEAST POSSIBLE HARDSHIP OR INCONVENIENCE IS
CAUSED.
RETRAINING THE WORKERS.
THE EXTENT TO WHICH WORKERS NEED RETRAINING WILL DEPEND ON THE NATURE OF THE
JOB AND THE CHANGES INVOLVED. IT IS MUCH MORE FOR THOSE JOBS WHICH HAVE A HIGH
DEGREE OF MANUAL DEXTERITY AND WHERE THE WORKERS HAVE BEEN DOING THE WORK BY
TRADITIONAL METHODS. THE USE OF FILMS DEMONSTRATING THE ADVANTAGES OF NEW
METHOD AS COMPARED TO TRADITIONAL ONE ARE OFTEN VERY USEFUL IN RETRAINING THE
WORKERS.
ARRANGING THE
REQUIREMENTS OF THE NEW METHOD. THIS INVOLVES-
- ARRANGING THE NECESSARY PLANT, TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT AT
ALL THE WORKPLACES,
- ARRANGING BUILDING-UP OF NECESSARY STOCKS OF NEW RAW
MATERIALS, AND RUNNING-DOWN OF OLD STOCKS,
- CHECKING UP THE AVAILABILITY AND CONTINUITY OF ALL
SUPPLIES AND SERVICES, AND
- ARRANGING ANY CLERICAL RECORDS WHICH MAY BE REQUIRED
FOR PURPOSES OF CONTROL AND COMPARISON.
TAKING OTHER NECESSARY
ACTIONS. THESE WILL DEPEND UPON SITUATION TO SITUATION. FOR EXAMPLE, IF CHANGES
IN WORKING HOURS ARE INVOLVED, NECESSARY INSTRUCTIONS SHOULD BE PASSED ON TO
AUXILIARY SERVICES SUCH AS TRANSPORT, CANTEEN, WATER SUPPLY, ETC. IF CHANGE IN
WAGES IS INVOLVED, INFORMATION CONCERNING THE DATE OF INSTALLATION MUST REACH
THE COSTING DEPARTMENT. NECESSARY INSTRUCTIONS SHOULD BE PASSED ON TO EVERY ONE
CONCERNED ABOUT THE TIME TABLE FOR THE INSTALLATION OF THE CHANGE IN
METHOD.
GIVING A TRIAL RUN TO
THE NEW METHOD. IT IS IMPORTANT THAT ALL DEPARTMENTS AFFECTED BY THE CHANGE ARE
REPRESENTED AT THE REHEARSAL. IT IS OFTEN ADVANTAGEOUS TO CONDUCT THE REHEARSAL
WHILE THE OLD METHOD IS STILL OPERATING. IT SHOULD USUALLY TAKE PLACE OUTSIDE
NORMAL WORKING HOURS; SAY AT WEEK-END OR AT HOLIDAY TIME SO THAT THERE IS NO
INTERFERENCE WITH NORMAL PRODUCTION. THE SUGGESTIONS FOR MINOR VARIATIONS IN
THE PROPOSED METHOD IF THEY ARE WORTH WHILE AND COST EFFECTIVE SHOULD BE
ACCEPTED AND INCORPORATED.
IT IS OBVIOUS THAT THE
METHOD ANALYST HAS TO BE EXTRA TACTFUL AND KEEP RESTRAINT THROUGHOUT THE PERIOD
OF INSTALLATION. THE INSTALLATION IS CONSIDERED COMPLETE WHEN THE NEW METHOD
STARTS RUNNING SMOOTHLY.
FOLLOW-UP:
THE WORK OF METHOD STUDY
MAN IS NOT COMPLETE WITH THE INSTALLATION OF THE IMPROVED METHOD; THE
MAINTENANCE OF THE NEW METHOD IN ITS SPECIFIED FORM IS ALSO PART OF HIS
ACTIVITIES. THE MAIN AIM OF MAINTENANCE OF THE NEW METHOD IS TO ENSURE THAT THE
WORKERS DO NOT SLIP BACK INTO OLD METHOD, OR INTRODUCE ELEMENTS WHICH ARE NOT
PART OF THE PROPOSED METHOD.
FOR EFFECTIVE
MAINTENANCE IT IS IMPORTANT TO DEFINE AND SPECIFY THE NEW METHOD VERY CLEARLY.
AN OPERATOR CHART GIVING ADEQUATE DETAILS OF THE TOOLS, EQUIPMENT, AND
WORKPLACE LAYOUT AND OPERATOR-MOTION PATTERN IS OFTEN HELPFUL.
THE WORKERS HAVE
TENDENCY TO DRIFT AWAY FROM THE METHOD LAID DOWN. THE PURPOSE OF THE
METHOD-MAINTENANCE IS TO CHECK THIS TENDENCY. BUT IF IT IS FOUND THAT THE
CHANGE FROM THE METHOD SPECIFIED IS IN FACT AN IMPROVEMENT WHICH CAN BE MADE IN
THE METHOD, THIS SHOULD BE OFFICIALLY INCORPORATED.
MOTION STUDY
MOTION STUDY IS A
TECHNIQUE OF ANALYZING THE BODY MOTIONS EMPLOYED IN DOING A TASK IN ORDER TO
ELIMINATE OR REDUCE INEFFECTIVE MOVEMENTS AND FACILITATES EFFECTIVE MOVEMENTS.
BY USING MOTION STUDY AND THE PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY THE TASK IS
REDESIGNED TO BE MORE EFFECTIVE AND LESS TIME CONSUMING.
THE GILBRETHS PIONEERED
THE STUDY OF MANUAL MOTIONS AND DEVELOPED BASIC LAWS OF MOTION ECONOMY THAT ARE
STILL RELEVANT TODAY. THEY WERE ALSO RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF
DETAILED MOTION PICTURE STUDIES, TERMED AS MICRO MOTION STUDIES, WHICH ARE
EXTREMELY USEFUL FOR ANALYZING HIGHLY REPETITIVE MANUAL OPERATIONS. WITH THE
IMPROVEMENT IN TECHNOLOGY, OF COURSE, VIDEO CAMERA HAS REPLACED THE TRADITIONAL
MOTION PICTURE FILM CAMERA.
IN A BROAD SENSE, MOTION
STUDY ENCOMPASSES MICRO MOTION STUDY AND BOTH HAVE THE SAME OBJECTIVE: JOB
SIMPLIFICATION SO THAT IT IS LESS FATIGUING AND LESS TIME CONSUMING. WHILE
MOTION STUDY INVOLVES A SIMPLE VISUAL ANALYSIS, MICRO MOTION STUDY USES MORE
EXPENSIVE EQUIPMENT. THE TWO TYPES OF STUDIES MAY BE COMPARED TO VIEWING A TASK
UNDER A MAGNIFYING GLASS VERSUS VIEWING THE SAME UNDER A MICROSCOPE. THE ADDED
DETAIL REVEALED BY THE MICROSCOPE MAY BE NEEDED IN EXCEPTIONAL CASES WHEN EVEN
A MINUTE IMPROVEMENT IN MOTIONS MATTERS, I.E. ON EXTREMELY SHORT REPETITIVE
TASKS.
TAKING THE CINE FILMS @
16 TO 20 FRAMES PER SECOND WITH MOTION PICTURE CAMERA, DEVELOPING THE FILM AND
ANALYZING THE FILM FOR MICRO MOTION STUDY HAD ALWAYS BEEN CONSIDERED A COSTLY
AFFAIR. TO SAVE ON THE COST OF DEVELOPING THE FILM AND THE COST OF FILM ITSELF,
A TECHNIQUE WAS USED IN WHICH CAMERA TOOK ONLY 5 TO 10 FRAMES PER MINUTE. THIS
SAVED ON THE TIME OF FILM ANALYSIS TOO. IN APPLICATIONS WHERE INFREQUENT SHOTS
OF CAMERA COULD PROVIDE ALMOST SAME INFORMATION, THE TECHNIQUE PROVED FRUITFUL
AND ACQUIRED THE NAME MEMO MOTION STUDY.
TRADITIONALLY, THE DATA
FROM MICRO MOTION STUDIES ARE RECORDED ON A SIMULTANEOUS MOTION (SIMO) CHART
WHILE THAT FROM MOTION STUDIES ARE RECORDED ON A RIGHT HAND - LEFT HAND PROCESS
CHART.
THERBLIGS:
ON ANALYZING THE RESULT
OF SEVERAL MOTION STUDIES CONDUCTED, GILBRETHS CONCLUDED THAT ANY WORK CAN BE
DONE BY USING A COMBINATION OF SOME OR ALL OF 17 BASIC MOTIONS, CALLED
THERBLIGS (GILBRETH SPELLED BACKWARD). THESE CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS EFFECTIVE
THERBLIGS AND INEFFECTIVE THERBLIGS. EFFECTIVE THERBLIGS TAKE THE WORK PROGRESS
TOWARDS COMPLETION. ATTEMPTS CAN BE MADE TO SHORTEN THEM BUT THEY CANNOT BE
ELIMINATED. INEFFECTIVE THERBLIGS DO NOT ADVANCE THE PROGRESS OF WORK AND THEREFORE
ATTEMPTS SHOULD BE MADE TO ELIMINATE THEM BY APPLYING THE PRINCIPLES OF MOTION
ECONOMY.
SIMO CHART:
IT IS A GRAPHIC
REPRESENTATION OF AN ACTIVITY AND SHOWS THE SEQUENCE OF THE THERBLIGS OR GROUP
OF THERBLIGS PERFORMED BY BODY MEMBERS OF OPERATOR. IT IS DRAWN ON A COMMON
TIME SCALE. IN OTHER WORDS, IT IS A TWO-HAND PROCESS CHART DRAWN IN TERMS OF
THERBLIGS AND WITH A TIME SCALE.
MAKING THE SIMO CHART. A
VIDEO FILM OR A MOTION PICTURE FILM IS SHOT OF THE OPERATION AS IT IS CARRIED
OUT BY THE OPERATOR. THE FILM IS ANALYZED FRAME BY FRAME. FOR THE LEFT HAND,
THE SEQUENCE OF THERBLIGS (OR GROUP OF THERBLIGS) WITH THEIR TIME VALUES ARE
RECORDED ON THE COLUMN CORRESPONDING TO THE LEFT HAND. THE SYMBOLS ARE ADDED
AGAINST THE LENGTH OF COLUMN REPRESENTING THE DURATION OF THE GROUP OF
THERBLIGS. THE PROCEDURE IS REPEATED FOR THE RIGHT HAND AND OTHER BODY MEMBERS
(IF ANY) INVOLVED IN CARRYING OUT THE OPERATION.
IT IS GENERALLY NOT
POSSIBLE TO TIME INDIVIDUAL THERBLIGS. A CERTAIN NUMBER OF THERBLIGS MAY BE
GROUPED INTO AN ELEMENT LARGE ENOUGH TO BE MEASURED
USES OF SIMO CHART:
FROM THE ANALYSIS SHOWN
ABOUT THE MOTIONS OF THE TWO HANDS (OR OTHER BODY MEMBERS) INVOLVED IN DOING AN
OPERATION, INEFFICIENT MOTION PATTERN CAN BE IDENTIFIED AND ANY VIOLATION OF
THE PRINCIPLE OF MOTION ECONOMY CAN BE EASILY NOTICED. THE CHART, THEREFORE,
HELPS IN IMPROVING THE METHOD OF DOING AN OPERATION SO THAT BALANCED TWO-HANDED
ACTIONS WITH COORDINATED FOOT AND EYE MOTIONS CAN BE ACHIEVED AND INEFFECTIVE
MOTIONS CAN BE EITHER REDUCED OR ELIMINATED. THE RESULT IS A SMOOTHER, MORE
RHYTHMIC WORK CYCLE THAT KEEPS BOTH DELAYS AND OPERATOR FATIGUE TO THE MINIMUM
EXTENT.
References: - www.nptel.iitm.ac.in/
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